Essay --

Dr. Goodall is a well-known British primatologist who has discovered a substantial amount about primates in her many years of research. She has written numerous books, including one that we will be going into depth about called, â€Å"Through a Window.† Her book contains personal experiences, research findings, and even pictures to help the readers visualize her scientific breaking moments from her thirty years with the chimpanzees of Gombe. She states that there is are minor differences, and several similarities between humans and the chimpanzees. We will discuss these differences and similarities through their social behavior, intellectual ability, and emotions. To conclude, examine Goodall’s research to adopt what her findings can tell us about our early ancestors, and whether or not her study coincided to the steps of scientific methodology. To start, research shows that there are a striking number of similarities between humans and chimpanzees in context to their social behavior. Next, we will see comparisons between humans and chimpanzees through their intellectual abilities. ...

A Story of an entrepreneur

Entrepreneur is an individual who organizes and operates a business and taking financial risk to do so. The entrepreneur is commonly seen as an innovator of new ideas, and business processes. Everyone has different strengths and weaknesses ,and entrepreneurs are no exception. But all entrepreneurs share certain qualities. We all know about Md. Yuan's, Salmon F. Raman, Bill gates, Richard Brannon and so on. They create such a miracle in the world as an entrepreneur.But now we are talking about a person who is not such popular like hem; but he an real life entrepreneur He earns very low but he can be the great example for us or those who wants to be an entrepreneur. His name is Md Kafka All, An entrepreneur. He is a freedom fighter and now he is a hawker of Goulash Hawkers Market ,make his earnings by selling cloth products like T-shirts, pant, children's outfits and other materials. He was born in 1950 in National at Lakehurst district in Islanders village . He is the youngest son of Mohammad All and Nazism statue.From childhood he was familiar with poverty and at very early GE he lost his parent's. Md. Kafka all is not an educated person at all. He Just went to school only for one day!!!!! And that day he decided that he will never come to school again!!! But this fact can't beat his confidence. In 1971, he participated in the war. After that 9 month bloodshed war. He lost everything. He had nothing to do at that time. So he took a loan of only 500 take from a relative and then came in Dacha 1975 . He didn't have any plan or idea. He didn't knew his destination.But he had only one thing and that is courage and self-confidence. He slowly made connections everywhere. He met as many people as he could and bullied up relationships. Afterwards, this people helped him. They took him to guiltiest and attached him how to do his business. From that day he started a new life. Then he started his business by a rickshaw van from one area to another to sell his product like T-shirts, pant, children's outfits and other materials. Then after some time he rented a small shop with his product in sultana.It is true that Kafka all is not as popular as the other entrepreneur but now he is much solvent. Now he is the owner of his own shop in the goulash hawkers market he is very much popular for his honesty. He usually opens his shop at 9:00 am and finishes his work 10:00 pm. So he works for 14 hours a day,but in the seasonal times like Did he works for almost 20 hours daily. Beside him,his grandson helps him to work. Basically,there is only one employee working in the shop but in seasonal times he hires 4 employees by working in two shifts and he pays 3000 take to each employees and also provides food and shelter to them.He also give them performance bonuses so that they get motivated to attract more customers. He rations the bonus by the number of products sold by an individual employee. He maximizes his profit in the winter season;This is peak time he sell s his product the most. He also makes a handsome amount of profit in the national festivals like Did LU flirt and Durra Pupas. He incurred a severe loss when there is a hart. Hart interrupts his daily business routine. Let is quite impossible for him to various places. He mainly asks for people from his relatives and brings employees room his village.He expects good behavior from them so that they can deal with customers effectively. Elf they fails to maintain this,he fires them out. He expects honesty and loyalty from the employees. From Sultana and Maryanne,Saber All brings all his Readmes garment products. He had many dealers and keep regular contact with them, and bought good from them. Very rarely he buys the goods on cash but most of the times he buys them on account. His daily sales revenue is equivalent to 2000 to 3000 Take and from there he makes a profit of 700 to 900Take. He states that he is quite happy with the profit he makes. The customers mainly comes to his shop bec ause he charges less then the other shoppers which sit Just beside his shop. He attracts the customers by the diversity of the products. The most interesting fact is his main customers are not the lower class people but the higher class ones from the trip-state area like Goulash and Banana?and they are the regular ones!! He gave an advice to us about what a person need to be if he [she wants to be an entrepreneur.He states that every entrepreneur must believe in himself. One should maintain honesty and believe in the decisions he make. He notes that without honesty no one can succeed in life. One should be hardworking to achieve the goal of the business. We should salute and respect this Freedom fighter because instead of all this ups and downs he never gave up. He continued his business even after incurring a loss. He has tremendous self confidence which made him able to run the business for 38 years. That is what a true entrepreneur have to have.

Asthma etiology Diagnosis and Treatment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4127 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Asthma Essay Did you like this example? In order to better understand asthma, one must first go back to the basic fundamentals and etiology as well as pathophysiology of asthma in order to gain useful perspective. Asthma is one of the most common chronic conditions affecting both children and adults, yet much remains to be learned of its etiology. Asthma is a chronic, persistent inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by exacerbations of coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and difficult breathing that are usually reversible, but that can be severe and sometimes fatal. Well controlled asthma consists of regular use of maintenance corticosteroids in order to reduce the number of exacerbations over time. Exacerbation of asthma is characterized by the worsening of symptoms with increase in dyspnoea, cough and wheeze. Many treatments are available to asthma patients yet the most popular is the use of corticosteroid therapy by way of inhalers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Asthma etiology Diagnosis and Treatment" essay for you Create order This route is easy and simple and provides relief to the targeted area if administered correctly. Introducing inhalers to the newly diagnosed asthmatic, with proper training and compliance, can assist with the reduction of asthma exacerbations and the rate of severity. Using something as simple as a peak flow which will measure peak expiratory flow (PEF) can help the patient categorize themselves as having a non-severe or severe asthma exacerbation. Severe asthma exacerbations can be serious and if left untreated fatal. Patients have been found to have similar symptoms consisting of dyspnoea, unable to complete full sentences, increased heart rate and respiratory rate, wheezing and chest tightness, possible blue lips and agitation is also noted. If an asthma exacerbation is caught in the early stages administration of inhaled agonists consistently over the first hour, will show improvement and an increase in airflow. The pathophysiologic features of asthma can be broken down into three separate sections consisting of smooth muscle spasm, mucus plugging of the airways, inflammation of the airways, and biomarkers. The nervous system plays a large role in the control of the smooth muscle that is in the airways. The cholinergic system controls the smooth bronchial muscle while the beta-adrenergic system is consisting of a system of nerves in charge of the relaxing the smooth bronchial muscle. There is also the alpha-adrenergic system, which has fewer nerves in the airways, but still plays a role in the smooth bronchial muscle. All three systems must work together to provide a response that circulates the mediators that ultimately act as alpha-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle. Many theories have surfaced in reference to the difference between a non-asthmatic versus an asthmatic patients smooth muscle in the airways. One theory has stressed the possibility of a partial beta blockade, another a bnormal cholinergic mechanism, and a third theory has suggested a basic abnormality of the non-adrenergic inhibitory system. Airway inflammation is a common symptom of asthma and if not controlled quickly can lead to constriction. Assessing epithelial changes due to airway inflammation is important as the reaction caused by the inflammation is responsible for the damage therefore leading to a hyperreactive airway. Uncontrolled inflammation in the upper and lower airways and in the systemic circulation may compromise the control of allergic rhinitis and asthma, with subsequent disease progression. Mucus plugging can create respiratory distress for many a patient and research is still being conducted on whether or not findings of mucus plugging in asthmatic patients are more significant than that of the non-asthmatic patient. Researchers have used the study of an asthmatics sputum with plugs to further their knowledge in asthma etiology yet they cannot rely on this alone for diagnosing the severity of asthma. It is important to detect and monitor inflammatory occurrences by way of a variety of simple tests and procedures. There are many tried and true tests available in order to properly diagnosis asthma. Tests and procedures can include; blood panel, nasal wash, sputum sample, possibly an induced sputum, exhaled breath condensate and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. A large number of molecules measured in EBC, including LTB4, prostaglandin E2 and 8-isoprostane, are considered useful markers of airway inflammation and oxidative stress in the airways. µ Bonsignore et al. completed a study on pediatric patients in order to better understand the significance of biomarkers in induced sputum. Many biomarkers were found to be significantly higher in patients with moderate asthma versus healthy patients. These biomarkers include; interluekon-8 precursor (IL-8), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and number of eosinophils. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide assessment was also completed as this is a reliable marker for airway inflammation. Mucus plugging can create respiratory distress for many a patient and research is still being conducted on whether or not findings of mucus plugging in asthmatic patients are more significant than that of the non-asthmatic patient. Researchers have used the study of an asthmatics sputum with plugs to further their knowledge in asthma etiology yet they cannot rely on this alone for diagnosing the severity of asthma. There are a multitude of causes of asthma and many of which start in childhood and can endure throughout a patients lifetime. Studies have found that genetics plays a large role in the predisposition for asthma. Some patients do not have a choice for the predisposition to have asthma as prenatal risk factors play a large role in the occurrence of asthma. Prenatal risk factors include prenatal smoking, diet and nutrition, stress, antibiotic use, mode of delivery. Risk factors can continue into childhood with many not by choice. Parents are encouraged to monitor transient wheezing, late or acute onset wheezing, and persistent wheezing as additional testing may need to be completed. Another risk factor is that of maternal diet restrictions which in turn can cause an allergy for the pediatric patient. Still a controversial subject, but the idea of not breastfeeding has been discussed and thought to deprive the infant of certain antibiotics which are necessary for future growth and deflec tion of disease. Decreased airway calibre in infancy has been reported as a risk factor for transient wheezing, perhaps related to prenatal and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Lastly, sex, gender, allergy sensitization, family structure, socio-economic status, reoccurring infections with use of antibiotics, exposure to smoke and animals are all considered significant risk factors that may make controlling childhood asthma a challenge. Many adults are diagnosed with asthma later on in life. This new onset asthma in adulthood could be caused by a series of occupational and environmental sources. Many occupations can have a number of chemicals and irritants in which repeated exposure can lead to airway inflammation. Many individuals start smoking, whether cigarettes or marijuana, in adulthood and for some the repeated exposure can cause airway inflammation. Some individuals have repeated respiratory sicknesses such as bronchitis, which when chronic, due to increased cough and sputum production can cause a rise in airway inflammation. Asthma is a manageable disease that is chronic with no cure but when properly treated and controlled exacerbations can be kept to a minimum. Asthma exacerbations can be traced back to two categories; viral infections and bacterial infections. Approximately 80% of exacerbations are associated with respiratory tract viral infections, with rhinoviral infection responsible for about two thirds of cases. ¶ Asthmatic patients may be more vulnerable to rhinovirus due to the lack of interferon productions. Interferons are antiviral proteins that play a role in fighting off viral infections. Asthmatics with an exacerbation with a viral component are mainly characterized by neutrophilic inflammation. Evidence of neutrophil degranulation and increased lactate dehydrogenase levels are independent predictors of severity, and increased levels of the potent neutrophil chemokine IL-8 are found in exacerbations. ¶ Researchers have mainly relied on viral infection components in order to better und erstand asthma but recognition and studies have been expanded to better understand the bacterial infection component and its relationship to asthma. Some studies have shown results that indicate that asthmatics are more likely to be affected by bacterial infections due to the increase risk of invasive pneumococcal disease. C pneumoniae, an atypical bacterium, has also been found to be significant yet more research needs to be conducted as results from current studies show bacterial components are secondary to viral infection. Diagnosis and Classification Classification of asthma is important as the different categories relate to the level of severity as well as recommended treatment. Classification starts with obtaining a detailed medical history as well as a detailed description of symptoms associated with asthma exacerbations. This medical history enables the physician to categorize the patient according to severity of symptoms. Patients are asked about their day and night symptoms, the frequency of asthma exacerbations and results from a lung function test can help categorize the patient as mild, moderate or severe in order for the physician to appropriate recommend the correct course of treatment. Physicians rely on many indicators and markers in order to clinical diagnosis asthma. Most asthmatics have chronic airway inflammation but the level of inflammation varies among patients and plays role in correctly diagnosing asthma. The most studied marker in exhaled breath is nitric oxide (NO). Elevated levels of fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) are found in both adults and children with asthma, as a consequence of up regulation of the enzyme iNOS. · Monitoring sputum cell counts was found to benefit patients with moderate-to-severe asthma by reducing the number of eosinophilic exacerbations and by reducing the severity of both eosinophilic and noneosinophilic exacerbations without increasing the total corticosteroid dose. Airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness are used in characterizing asthma and research has been conducted in order to differentiate between the correlation of using inhaled corticosteroids and inflammatory cells in the airway. Crimi et al. researched and studied by using a methacholine challenge, with modifications for two study groups, bronchoalveolar lavage and biopsy, and eosinophil cationic protein assay in order better understand the relationship between airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. The study took a closer look at the airway lumen and mucosa and the relationship between inflammatory cells and hyperresponsiveness. Inhaled steroids caused a decrease of airway responsiveness that was paralleled by a decrease of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in bronchial mucosa in only one uncontrolled study. Crimi et al. concluded, through their research, that a true perennial allergic asthmatics hyperresponsiveness is not directly related with the presence of eosinop hils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, or macrophages. Treatment of Asthma There is no known cure for asthma so early diagnosis and treatment will encourage maintenance and control with reduction in asthma exacerbations. A diagnosing physician will do a thorough physical exam as well as document a detailed medical history in order to correctly diagnosis a patient. Spirometry is also a helpful tool as it is a common medical office test used to assess how well the lungs work by measuring how much air is inhaled as well as how much air can be exhaled and how quickly. Spirometry is used to diagnosis asthma as well as several other respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bateman et al. states, Asthma treatment for adults can be administered in different ways: inhaled, orally or parenterally (by subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injection). The major advantage of inhaled therapy is that drugs are delivered directly into the airways, producing higher local concentrations with significantly lower risk of systemic side effects. ° Inhaled glucocorticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, theophylline, omalizumab, systemic glucocorticosteroids, and short and long acting inhaled and oral B?‚‚ agonists are some of more popular treatments available for all age groups. For pediatric patients ease of administration is key. Inhalers have been the most popular route of administration of treatment as they are the easy to use as well as the fastest route for dispensing medication. Naturally each patient is different and customizing what works best for each individual is crucial in managing asthma. Patients with mild asthma or non-severe exacerbations can usually manage their asthma at home, or in the outpatient setting, utilizing fast acting inhaled B?‚‚ agonists in which using the rescue inhaler every twenty minutes for the first hour should produce positive results and relief in airway inflammation. Oral glucocorticoids can be used for mild exacerbations if the inhaler has seems to have no effect after one hour. Severe asthma exacerbations can be life threatening and knowing when hospital intervention is needed is key to survival. Urgent care centers have gained in popularity and if the mild asthma exacerbations require medical intervention, centers such as these might provide additional inhaled nebulizers, supplemental oxygen and a dose of steroids. This course of treatment usually can revise an asthma exacerbation but sometimes a higher level of care is needed in the emergency room. In the emergency room immediate intervention is needed in order to stop the pro gression of the exacerbation. Within the first hour emergency room staff may provide a higher level of oxygen, if needed, intravenous fluids to fight dehydration, a significantly higher dose of albuterol and ipratropium bromide nebulizer, and an aggressive dose of steroids. After the first hour a physician will reassess the patient and at that time significant improvement has been made or an additional round of treatment may be needed. Leukotrienes made of three separate molecules that, when together, create a powerful effect by stimulating smooth muscle contraction. Leukotrienes are known for their powerful bronchoconstrictor properties. Leukotrienes, in addition to other products in the 5-lipoxygenasse pathway, have been proven to be associated with asthma by way of the pathophysiologic responses they create. Drazen et al. explains the 5 lipoxygenase pathway as such; Leukotriene A?‚„ is unstable and is quickly converted to leukotriene C?‚„ or leukotriene B?‚„. In three cell types associated with asthma-eosinophils, mast cells, and alveolar macrophages-leukotriene A?‚„ is converted to leukotriene C?‚„ by the addition of glutathione at the C?‚†  position of leukotriene A?‚„, a reaction catalyzed by leukotriene C?‚„ synthase. Leukotriene C?‚„ is then exported to the extracellular space through a specific transm embrane transporter. In the extracellular space, the glutamic acid moiety is cleaved from leukotriene C?‚„ to form leukotriene D?‚„, which in turn is cleaved by extracellular dipeptidases to form the 6-cysteinyl analogue of leukotriene C?‚„, known as leukotriene E?‚„. Because leukotriene C?‚„, leukotriene D?‚„, and leukotriene E?‚„ all contain the amino acid cysteine, they are collectively referred to as cysteinyl leukotrienes. The cysteinyl leukotrienes are degraded rapidly in the extracellular space and the liver to inactive products. In neutrophils, leukotriene A?‚„ is converted to leukotriene B?‚„, which is a dihydroxy as opposed to a cysteinyl leukotriene, by the action of leukotriene A?‚„ epoxide hydrolase. Leukotriene B?‚„ is degraded by multiple pathways, including cytochrome P-450 (CYP4F4, CYP4F5) and 12-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase in multiple tissues. Cysteinyl leukotrienes are a subtype of the leukotriene receptor and mediate the tightening of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle. Leukotrienes have been proven to play a key role is asthma and the reaction to the airway as there is an increase in production during a reaction.Allergy induced asthma has an immediate reaction to the body as well as a delayed reaction of the leukotrienes. Regular use of leukotriene modifier and an antihistamine have been found to significantly reduce the allergic reaction as well as eliminate early indication of an allergen asthma attack. Chronic asthma can be determined by a pat ient having ongoing symptoms and a variance in the peak flow of 20% throughout a twenty-four-hour period. Many leukotriene modifiers are available to asthma patients. One such modifier was found to have a significant effect on leukotriene production. Zileuton inhibits leukotriene synthesis by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase; clinical doses of zileuton reduce the synthesis of leukotrienes by 70 to 90 percent. Recently, the concentration of nitric oxide present in exhaled breath (FeNO) has been evaluated as a tool for assessing asthma. FeNO is elevated in patients with asthma, is reduced by treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, and correlates with eosinophilic airway inflammation measured using bronchial biopsies and induced sputum. Shaw et al. study researched the effectiveness of utilizing nitric oxide with standard asthma treatments versus no nitric oxide with treatment. There is a continuing discussion on whether or not FeNO is accurate in managing asthma. One research group completed a study that tested the theory that titrating corticosteroid dose using the concentration of FeNO results in fewer asthma exacerbations and more efficient use of corticosteroids, when compared with traditional management. Shaw et al. research indicated that there is no correlation between reduction in corticosteroid use and the reduction of exacerbation frequency. Though this study did find the particip ants ended the study on a lower dose of inhaled corticosteroids with no increase in exacerbations. With advances in technology throughout the medical field comes advancements in therapy for severe asthma. Omalizumab, a humanised anti-IgE monoclonal antibody specifically binding free IgE, has been introduced in asthma treatment. µ Omalizumab has been found to be very effective in reducing asthma exacerbations as well as reduce inflammation. Several other new drugs are on the market but additional research needed to be conducted as some have severe side effects. Nonpharmacological approaches, such as diet and exercise, have also become a trend in treatment recommendation in order to control asthma exacerbations. Asthma Disease Management Although pharmacologic intervention to treat established asthma is highly effective in controlling symptoms and improving quality of life, measures to prevent the development of asthma, including avoiding or reducing exposure to risk factors, should be implemented wherever possible. Asthma patients should participate in an allergy test as the results would assist with pinpointing certain allergens that could trigger asthma symptoms and exacerbations. Many patients seen in emergencies rooms during active asthma exacerbations have been found to have noted serum IgE antibodies in relation to common allergens. Chapman et al. states, Although an association between inhalant allergy and asthma has been recognized for over 50 years, in many cases it has been difficult to demonstrate cause and effect. This is because in part some asthmatic patients are nonallergic, and even in allergic patients many other factors are known to trigger asthma attacks, including viral infections, chemical exposure and nonspecific irritants. Likewise, patients are often not aware of a direct association between exposure to a specific allergen (dust mite) and the development of respiratory symptoms. As a result, the role of allergy is often hidden from the patient and many physicians regard allergic reactions as factors likely to exacerbate asthma, rather than a primary cause. Asthma self-management education encompasses a collaborative partnership between the clinician, the patient, and the patients caregiver. µ Education plays a key role in the patient having controlled asthma versus uncontrolled asthma. Utilizing something as simple as a peak flow will allow the patient to understand what the results mean and what the next step is if an asthma exacerbation is starting to happen. Myers et al., suggests, A written asthma action plan is the most appropriate method to provide concise instructions on managing ambulatory asthma symptoms and exacerbations. This written plan should include relevant information regarding triggers, medications, and emergency contacts. The patient should be familiar with and able to use a peak flow meter, and to know his or her personal best peak flow. When identifying triggers, it is important to consider the patients home life and what the child may be exposed to on a daily basis. Understanding what led to the most recent exac erbation can also help pinpoint what factors could be contributing. µ Education should also include a detailed written plan that the patient and others are aware of that explains the timeline for home treatment as well as when emergent intervention is needed by way of the emergency room. Continuing education has a direct relation with compliance amongst patients which ultimately has an impact on the global burden with healthcare costs in relation to asthma. Economic Cost of Asthma Considerable progress has been made in treating reversible airway disease, yet the prevalence and burden of asthma has increased in recent years. ¶ Smith et al. suggests, The appropriate use of maintenance medications and medical therapy allows many asthmatics to control their asthma, but the cost of treatment can be high. Treating acute attacks also consumes considerable medical resources. In addition, asthma symptoms often result in work and school absenteeism and lead to a decreased quality of life. ¶ Direct costs of asthma include diagnostic tests, prescribed medications, physician visits; which include office, clinic and emergency room visits, as well as inpatient hospital visits. The leading contributors to the direct medical cost of asthma in the United States are hospitalization costs and medication, representing approximately two thirds to three quarters of total direct costs. · Indirect costs are sometimes called opportunity costs and are the value of resources lost a s a result of time absent from work or other usual daily activity as a result of illness. · Loss of work, loss of school, days spent in bed and restricted or loss of physical activity are all areas that have a direct impact on the economic burden of asthma. Both direct and indirect costs have an influence on costs as outcomes and total costs. For example, a study looking at the impact of an asthma intervention based on peak flow monitoring found a reduced emergency department use among members of the intervention group, resulting in a significant cost savings. Global Burden of Asthma It is estimated that as many as 300 million people of all ages, and all ethnic backgrounds, suffer from asthma and the burden of this disease to governments, health care systems, families, and patients is increasing worldwide. Masoli et al. states, With the projected increase in the proportion of the worlds population that is urban from 45% to 59% in 2025, there is likely to be a marked increase in the number of asthmatics worldwide over the next two decades. It is estimated that there may be an additional 100 million persons with asthma by 2025. In order to better understand the global burden and costs of asthma one must understand the barriers worldwide. Genetics play a large role for the predisposition for asthma. Poverty and social class directly impact much of the population worldwide. Living situations and inaccessible medical assistance plague much of the third world countries. The inability to access proper medical care leaves many mothers unable to control the development of their children before birth. Even after birth, many factors still have a direct effect on a person with asthma. Air pollution, smoke, respiratory illnesses, such as tuberculosis, poor supply and cost of medication, as well as many more areas for concern, have a direct relation to the worldwide burden of asthma. Many factors have been identified as possible causes of the increased morbidity and mortality, including poor patient understanding of the disease process and of appropriate medication use, noncompliance with prescribed medical regimens, and an inability to use medications properly, especially inhalers. Evidence of morbidity from asthma was found in many patients taking little or no prophylactic medication and this should be amenable to improved education. ° Ultimately, reducing economic and worldwide mortality and morbidity all comes back to the basics. Correctly diagnosing and classifying asthma leads right into proper and continuing education as well as reinforcing with the individual the importance of utilizing the tools they have in order to live a more productive life with a reduced risk of mortality from asthma. Summary While asthma management and treatment have made huge strides over the past few decades, many questions remain regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, environmental control, disparities in care, diagnosis, assessment, monitoring, pharmacology, exacerbation management, and education, and many great mysteries have yet to be solved. µ This papers purpose was to provide a definition and description of asthma and its etiology and pathophysiology in order to better understand diagnosing and classifying asthma correctly in the patient. The treatment and management of asthma continues to be a hot topic for discussion as the economic and global impact of asthma is significant and will only get more complex in the near future. There will be a need for collaboration and standardization in regards to care and treatment of asthma patients. Research that addresses asthma prevention, disease modification, and reversal of underlying mechanisms, is of particular need and importance. µ Improve acc essibility to essential drugs for the management of asthma in low? and middle?income countries. Adapt international asthma guidelines for developing countries to ensure they are practical and realistic in terms of different health care systems. Increasing the economic wealth and improving the distribution of resources between and within countries represent important priorities to enable better health care to be provided. Development of evidence-based interventions will also need to addressed in the future. Wider dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions that tailor care to individual risks and sensitivities, as well as to community-wide characteristics, must be investigated and deployed successfully across the continuum of care to ensure high standards of asthma care. µ Understanding asthma, its etiology and pathophysiology, can directly affect global costs by way of correctly diagnosing and classifying asthma patients, as well as promoting correct treatment and management through education and compliance.

Sand - Terminology, Composition, Shape, and More

Sand is everywhere; in fact sand is the very symbol of ubiquity. Lets learn a little more about sand. Sand Terminology Technically, sand is merely a size category. Sand is particulate matter thats larger than silt and smaller than gravel. Different specialists set different limits for sand: Engineers call sand anything between 0.074 and 2 millimeter, or between a U.S. standard #200 sieve and a #10 sieve.Soil scientists classify grains between 0.05 and 2 mm as sand, or between sieves #270 and #10.Sedimentologists put sand between 0.062 mm (1/16 mm) and 2 mm on the Wentworth scale, or 4 to –1 units on the phi scale, or between seives #230 and #10. In some other nations a metric definition is used instead, between 0.1 and 1 mm. In the field, unless you carry a comparator with you to check against a printed grid, sand is anything big enough to feel between the fingers and smaller than a matchhead. From a geological viewpoint, sand is anything small enough to be carried by the wind but big enough that it doesnt stay in the air, roughly 0.06 to 1.5 millimeters. It indicates a vigorous environment. Sand Composition and Shape Most sand is made of quartz or its microcrystalline cousin chalcedony, because that common mineral is resistant to weathering. The farther from its source rock a sand is, the closer it is to pure quartz. But many dirty sands contain feldspar grains, tiny bits of rock (lithics), or dark minerals like ilmenite and magnetite. In a few places, black basalt lava breaks down into black sand, which is almost pure lithics. In even fewer places, green olivine is concentrated to form green sand beaches. The famous White Sands of New Mexico are made of gypsum, eroded from large deposits in the area. And the white sands of many tropical islands are a calcite sand formed from coral fragments or from tiny skeletons of planktonic sea life. The look of a sand grain under the magnifier can tell you something about it. Sharp, clear sand grains are freshly broken and have not been carried far from their rock source. Rounded, frosted grains have been scrubbed long and gently, or perhaps recycled from older sandstones. All of these attributes are the delight of sand collectors around the world. Easy to collect and display (a little glass vial is all you need) and easy to trade with others, sand makes a great hobby. Sand Landforms Another thing that matters to geologists is what the sand makes—dunes, sandbars, beaches. Dunes are found on Mars and Venus as well as Earth. Wind builds them and sweeps them across the landscape, moving a meter or two per year. They are eolian landforms, formed by air movement. Have a look at a desert dune field. Beaches and riverbeds are not always sandy, but those that are have a variety of different landforms built of sand: bars and spits and ripples. My favorite of these is the tombolo. Sand Sounds Sand also makes music. I dont mean the squeaking that beach sand sometimes does when you walk on it, but the humming, booming or roaring sounds that large desert dunes produce when sand tumbles down their sides. Sounding sand, as the geologist calls it, accounts for some eerie legends of the deep desert. The loudest singing dunes are in western China at Mingshashan, although there are American sites like the Kelso Dunes in the Mojave Desert, where I have made a dune sing. You can hear sound files of singing sand at Caltechs Booming Sand Dunes research group site. Scientists from this group claim to have solved the mystery in an August 2007 paper in Geophysical Review Letters. But surely they have not explained away its wonder. The Beauty and Sport of Sand Thats enough about the geology of sand, because the more I poke around the Web the more I feel like getting out to the desert, or the river, or the beach. Geo-photographers love dunes. But there are other ways to love dunes besides looking at them. Sandboarders are a hardy bunch of people who treat dunes like big waves. I cant imagine this sport growing into a big-money thing like skiing—for one thing, the lift lines would have to be moved every year—but it does have its own journal, Sandboard Magazine. And when youve perused a few articles, you may come to give sandboarders more respect than the sand miners, offroaders and 4WD drivers who threaten their beloved dunes. And how could I ignore the simple, universal joy of just playing with sand? Kids do it by nature, and a few continue to be sand sculptors after they grow up, like the Earth artist Jim Denevan. Another group of pros on the world circuit of sand-castle contests build the palaces shown at Sand World. The village of Nima, Japan, may be the place that takes sand the most seriously. It hosts a Sand Museum. Among other things there is, not an hourglass, but a yearglass . . . The townspeople gather on New Years Eve and turn it over. PS: The next grade of sediment, in terms of fineness, is silt. Deposits of silt have their own special name: loess. See the Sediment and Soil list for more links about the subject.

Leadership Lessons From Abraham Lincoln Essay - 949 Words

Topic: Leadership Lessons from Abraham Lincoln. The American Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865 in the United States. As a war measure, Emancipation Proclamation is applied primarily to Southern states rebellion and later it spread its way to North. Emancipation Proclamation created a history in abolishing slavery suppressing the war and saving Republic. Abraham Lincoln left this aspect of legacy to the people. I really have no idea about Lincoln until I read the description of him by presidential historian Doris Kearns Godwin. All I know was, that he was a politician and later a president. There are many heroes, many leaders and many presidents but â€Å"why Lincoln became a universal example, a respected figure and considered as the greatest president of USA?†. Because he exhibited many leadership qualities which are essential for the present generation. Lincoln’s Leadership Qualities Faced Challenges He faced many challenges throughout his life but out of all, the wildest challenge is his cabinet. He enabled friendship by bringing the strong political opponents together creating a unique cabinet. His idea of providing authority to rivals shows his intelligent act towards the nation. Because, all he needed was best cabinet members who show their own leadership, who felt to raise a question against him and argue with the authority knowing their strengths and weaknesses. There is no place for personal feelings and emotions in his constitution. And, this is one of theShow MoreRelatedLincoln Movie Leadership Analysis1380 Words   |  6 PagesFairhurst Leadership Communication 4008 8 December 2015 Lincoln Essay The year is 1865 and the Civil War death toll has risen just over six-hundred-thousand men. The freedoms sought out by our nation’s founders, now jeopardized by the secession of eleven states from the Union. 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The Conflict of Women in 20th Century India Free Essays

Throughout recorded history, women the world over have been held to different standards than men. They have been consistently oppressed in nearly all aspects of life, from political to personal, public to private. In the 20th century, great strides have been taken to end this oppression and level the playing field. We will write a custom essay sample on The Conflict of Women in 20th Century India or any similar topic only for you Order Now In India however, a number of deeply rooted traditions have made this effort particularly difficult, and as a result, women’s triumphs over oppression in India are all the more intriguing. To understand the position women found themselves in at the dawn of the 20th century, one must have a general understanding of the numerous historical women’s conflicts unique to the Subcontinent. It took the overwhelming success of Gandhi’s nonviolent revolution to unite women politically and create the an atmosphere whereby women, empowered by the times, could take a stand for their equality. The 1970’s saw the beginning of a highly organized modern women’s movement in India. Violence against women was one of the main focuses of the movement. Harassment, wife-beating, rape, and â€Å"dowry deaths† were all too common, and police enforcement was ineffective as were most attempts at prosecution. Commonly called â€Å"atrocities against women†, these acts occurred frequently. Why then, if these events were happening so often, was there so much apathy towards them on the part of the courts and the police? To answer this question one must look back upon a history marked by religiously and culturally accepted forms of oppression such as female infanticide, polygamy, purdah and sati. Purdah, still practiced today in many Moslem societies, is the practice of covering a women in cloth to protect them from the gaze of non-family males, in order to maintain their purity. This practice became common in India in the days of the sultanate. From a traditional western perspective this is a very repressive requirement. Gandhi took a particular pleasure in bringing women out of purdah, and involving them in the political movements of the times. Sati is another story. Early British rule in India was careful to stay out of the traditions and private lives of the natives. They ruled indirectly, typically demanding monetary tribute from local leaders in exchange for allowing them to rule as they pleased. This philosophy changed dramatically under the governor-generalship of Lord William Cavendish Bentinck which began in 1828. He began a much more interventionist policy that included the an increase in transportation facilities, industrialized cloth production (which displaced the ancient commercial structure) and he abolished the ancient tradition of sati (female infanticide was also outlawed by the British). The last of which caused a great rift in India’s intellectuals and businessmen. Sati is an ancient Hindu tradition whereby a widow is burned in the cremation fire of her departed husband. This practice was abhorred by British missionaries and businessmen. However, to many of India’s intellectuals it was an act of bravery and dedication on the part of the widow, to be admired. This is evidenced by the first petition against the intervention, which stated, â€Å"Hindoo widows perform (sati), of their own accord and pleasure, and for the benefit of their Husbands’ souls and for their own, the sacrifice of self-immolation called Suttee (another spelling of sati)- which is not merely a sacred duty but a high priviledge†(Stein, p. 22). For those who did not take part in this practice, the life of a Hindu widow was a very restricted one. A census conducted in 1881 showed that one-fifth of all women were widows, so these restrictions were very important. The Dharmashashra of Manu (a Hindu text) talks about how a Brahmin widow should act stating, â€Å"†¦ but she may never mention the name of another man after her husband has died. (Stein, p. 94) As child brides were common in the Subcontinent, one often saw young widows unable by traditional law to remarry and make an attempt at a new life. Furthermore, they rarely had the education to support themselves. Education was historically bestowed solely upon the males. In the 19th century only the wealthiest of families sought after any sort of formal education for their female children, and there was no movement in the government to change this. â€Å"A survey of Madras found over 5000 girls enrolled in Indian language schools, as against 179,000 boys†(Stein p. 268). This lack of concern for the formal education of women exemplifies how their place in society was viewed. The treatment of high cast women was one of the first forms of oppression attacked by advocates of women’s rights. In the 1860’s action was taken by avid social reformer Madhav Govinda Ranade, who founded the Widow Re-marriage Association and the Deccan Education Society (which sought to increase young women’s educational facilities). Although Ranade challenged some of traditions that prevented the liberation of women, he was seen by many as a hypocrite, himself taking on a child bride after the death of his wife. Soon however women would take the reins in the battle for their own independence. A woman by the name of Ramabia is considered, â€Å"the first Indian Feminist to address other women directly about emancipation† (Stein, p. 275). She, like Ranade, was a member of the Brahman caste. She would go on to travel and study in England and later in America, where she wrote about the mistreatment of women in India. A converted Christian upon her return to India, Ramabia opened schools for high caste women. This effort, in conjunction with various projects Ramabia worked on for women, was far ahead of its time and it would take nearly a century before women would tightly bind together to formally resist oppression. Early in the 20th century women were forbidden to protest their condition or even to congregate to discuss the matter. This was a right even the lowest cast males, the untouchables, was bestowed. It was a common belief at the time, that free women would inevitably come to neglect their marital responsibilities. The Indian National Congress, led by Gandhi, was one of the first political organizations to actively include woman, even women formally in Purdah. Although these women mobilized formally in the name of nationalism, it was this extensive political activity that would become a catalyst for future self conscious feminism (a school of thought that was looked upon with great caution and fear). In 1917 the congress demanded that women be able to vote on the same basis as men, but these efforts to were for the progress of nationalism rather than exclusively for the improvement of women’s rights. The eventual partition and independence of India was seen as a tremendous success for passive resistance and the Gandhian way. In the decades to come a number of political movements would emerge that would utilize various forms of civil disobedience as their main form of protest. There was intense and organized women’s participation in these movements, as a result of their participation in the independence movement there was a clear precedent for this. In the 1960’s India saw the effects of dramatically improved agricultural techniques resulting from the new technology of the ‘Green Revolution’. However, these benefits did not come without a cost. Although food was more plentiful, farmers not wealthy enough to keep up with the technology got left in the dust. As a result women toiling on the land found themselves worse off than ever before. There were also severe environmental implications of the sudden and extensive use of technology. In response a number of movements emerged. Within these movements (such as the Marxist, the Farmers, and the Environmental movements) unified groups of women emerged and took on unprecedented responsibility. They actively and enthusiastically sought after redistribution of land and wages. The first group to cross over and actively seek out women’s liberation was an organization of â€Å"new Marxists† called Magowa. Starting in Maharashtra, which would become the center for liberation activity, they wrote their second publication on the, â€Å"varied facets of women’s oppression in India†(Omvedt p. 76). The population base of this movement was the rural and the toiling. This was important because the women of this group were already organized, although not all of these organizations with this base turned their focus toward feminist causes. 1974 was a pivotal year for the movement. Not only did it see the founding of POW (the Progressive Organization of Women), but it was the year that the official Status of Women Commission published their report, Towards Equality, on women’s low and ever decreasing status in Indian society. This paper would add much fuel to the impending fire and validate it to the mainstream population. There were large conferences in Pune and Trivandrum in 1975 on women’s issues further bringing the movement into the mainstream. Many autonomous groups popped up with different agendas and issues. Some of the common issues included; the division of housework, party politics, rape, and â€Å"dowry deaths†. The issues of violence, popularly called â€Å"atrocities against women† became the centerpiece of the movement in the early eighties and the cause for its expansion. A forum against rape in Bombay led to the creation of the Forum Against Atrocities on Women, or the FAOW. All over India these feminist groups were emerging. There constituencies came to included women from all walks of life No longer did women simply motivate toward third party objectives, they now fought for their own rights as the largest oppressed group in the nation. From an unanswerable and most often unaddressed problem in the 1800’s, to a hotly contested issue on the cutting edge of politics in modern times, the conflict over women’s rights in India has come full circle in one century. Although feminist sentiments existed throughout, it took active female inclusion in the political world by Gandhi’s independence movement to give their voices strength and to eventually have them heard. There was avid political activity on the part of women and female organizations leading up to the 1947 split. The effectiveness of this work foreshadowed the influence women could have on politics when working together, and paved the way for the modern women’s movement that began in the 1970’s. Unfortunately, even at the end of the eighties â€Å"atrocities against women† were still occurring and they continue to occur today, but the change in attitude and the end of apathy that has emerged over the last century surely gives promise that someday there could truly be equality for women in India, and the world over. How to cite The Conflict of Women in 20th Century India, Papers

Paul Klee Essay Example For Students

Paul Klee Essay A Swiss-born painter and graphic artist whose personal, often gently humorous works are replete with allusions to dreams, music, and poetry, Paul Klee, b. Dec. 18, 1879, d. June 29, 1940, is difficult to classify. Primitive art, surrealism, cubism, and childrens art all seem blended into his small-scale, delicate paintings, watercolors, and drawings. His family was very interested in the arts. The jobs that Pauls parents had were strange for 1879. His mom helped support the family by giving piano lessons. His father did the housework. He cooked, cleaned, and painted. Pauls grandma taught him how to paint. After much hesitation he chose to study art, not music, and he attended the Munich Academy in 1900. Klee later toured Italy (1901-02), responding enthusiastically to Early Christian and Byzantine art. Klee was a watercolorist, and etcher, who was one of the most original masters of modern art. Belonging to no specific art movement, he created works known for their fantastic dream images, wit, and imagination. These combine satirical, grotesque, and surreal elements and reveal the influence of Francisco de Goya and James Ensor, both of whom Klee admired. Two of his best-known etchings, dating from 1903, are Virgin in a Tree and Two Men Meet, Each Believing the Other to Be of Higher Rank. The paintings of Klee are difficult to classify. His earliest works were pencil landscape studies that showed the influence of impressionism. Until 1912 he also produced many black-and-white etchings; the overtones of fantasy and satire in these works showed the influence of 20th-century expressionism as well as of such master printmakers as Francisco Goya and William Blake. Klee often incorporated letters and numerals into his paintings, but he also produced series of works that xplore mosaic and other effects. Klees career was a search for the symbols and metaphors that would make this belief visible. More than any other painter outside the Surrealist movement (with which his work had many affinities its interest in dreams, in primitive art, in myth, and cultural incongruity), he refused to draw hard distinctions between art and writing. Indeed, many of his paintings are a form of writing: they pullulate with signs, arrows, floating letters, misplaced directions, commas, and clefs; their code for any object, from the veins of a leaf to the grid pattern of Tunisian irrigation ditches, akes no attempt at sensuous description, but instead declares itself to be a purely mental image, a hieroglyph existing in emblematic space. So most of the time Klee could get away with a shorthand organization that skimped the spatial grandeur of high French modernism while retaining its unforced delicacy of mood. Klees work did not offer the intense feelings of Picassos, or the formal mastery of Matisses. The spidery, exact line, crawling and scratching around the edges of his fantasy, works in a small compass of post-Cubist overlaps, transparencies, and figure- field play-offs. In fact, most of Klees ideas about ictorial space came out of Robert Dulaunays work, especially the Windows. The paper, hospitable to every felicitous accident of blot and puddle in the watercolor washes, contains the images gently. As the art historian Robert Rosenblum has said, Klees particular genius to be able to take any number of the principal Romantic motifs and ambitions that, by the early twentieth century, had often swollen into grotesquely Wagnerian dimensions, and translate them into a language appropriate to the diminutive scale of a childs enchanted world. After his marriage in 1906 to the pianist Lili Stumpf, Klee ettled in Munich, then an important center for avant-garde art. His wife, Lily, gave music lessons, while Paul babysat their only son, he was a good babysitter. .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c , .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c .postImageUrl , .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c , .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c:hover , .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c:visited , .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c:active { border:0!important; } .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c:active , .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u72c624da88257911d8554c081bf1743c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Leadership Experience EssayKlee painted in a unique and personal style; no one else painted like he did. He used pastels, tempera, watercolor, and a combination of oil and watercolor, as well as different backgrounds. Besides using the canvas that he usually painted on he used paper, jute, cotton, and wrapping paper. A turning point in Klees career was his visit to Tunisia with Macke and Louis Molliet in 1914. He was so overwhelmed by the intense light there that he wrote: Color has taken ossession of me; no longer do I have to chase after it, I know that it has hold of me forever. That is the significance of this blessed moment. Color and I are one. I am a painter. He now built up compositions of colored squares that have the radiance of the mosaics he saw on his Italian sojourn. The watercolor Red and White Domes (1914; Collection of Clifford Odets, New York City) is distinctive of this period. His paintings and watercolors for the next 20 years showed a mastery of delicate, dreamlike color harmonies, which he usually used to create flat, semiabstract compositions or even effects resembling mosaic, as n Pastoral. Klee was also a master draftsman, and many of his works are elaborated line drawings with subject matter that grew out of fantasy or dream imagery; he described his technique in these drawings as taking a line for a walk. After 1935, afflicted by a progressive skin and muscular disease, Klee adopted a broad, flat style characterized by thick, crayon like lines and large areas of subdued color. His subject matter during this period grew increasingly brooding and gloomy, as in the nightmarish Death and Fire. Klee died in Muralto, Switzerland, on June 29, 1940. His work influenced all later 20th-century urrealist and nonobjective artists and was a prime source for the budding abstract expressionist movement. If Klee was not one of the great form givers, he was still ambitious. Like a miniaturist, he wanted to render nature permeable, in the most exact way, to the language of style and this meant not only close but ecstatic observation of the natural world, embracing the Romantic extremes of the near and the far, the close-up detail and the cosmic landscape. At one end, the moon and mountains, the stand of jagged dark pines, the flat mirroring seas laid in a mosaic of washes; at the other, a swarm of ittle graphic inventions, crystalline or squirming, that could only have been made in the age of high-resolution microscopy and the close-up photograph. There was a clear link between some of Klees plant motifs and the images of plankton, diatoms, seeds, and microorganisms that German scientific photographers were making at the same time. In such paintings, Klee tried to give back to art a symbol that must have seemed lost forever in the nightmarish violence of World War I and the social unrest that followed. This was the Paradise-Garden, one of the central images of religious romanticism the metaphor of Creation itself, ith all species growing peaceably together under the eye of natural (or divine) order. Pail Klees Dancing Girl is a painting that he did in 1940 that stood out from all the rest on our visit to the Art Institute. Dancing Girl is a painting made up of simple short bold line strokes and a couple of circles to high light her head and hands. Done in 1940 Klee used a far-fetched medium for this piece. Dancing girl was composed on oil on linen and then glued on to a panel. As strange as it must seem it still has a strong appeal to it. Dancing Girl follows the pattern of man of Klees past work. His work at times seems ard to explain but understanding to the mind. There are certain suttle objects in the painting that make it obvious that this is a girl dancing. One is the distinguishing fact that this is a young woman. This is shown by the 3 main lines that make up her body. .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba , .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba .postImageUrl , .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba , .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba:hover , .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba:visited , .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba:active { border:0!important; } .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba:active , .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u689760a61f279b44c8a327e7447fe4ba:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In cold blood - truman capote EssayHalfway down the middle line there is a curve that forms the shape of a triangle as well as her other leg. Under the triangle on the background is a shade of red that gives the triangle and you the visual effect of her wearing a dress. The painting itself is simple yet dramatic as most of Paul Klees works were. The Background was a tealish green color with ighlights of yellow around the circles to distinguish her hands and feet. What makes the main object stand out at the viewer more is the white highlight around the girl. This effect draws your eye to the center of the piece and then lets you wonder around the rest of the painting. It appears as if he (Paul Klee) used watercolors and inks for this and implemented small pictures and childlike symbols to give it appeal. Klee valued the primitive look especially art of children. I believe that he envied their freedom and respected their innocence. . As the art historian Robert Rosenblum has said, Klees particular genius was] to be able to take any number of the principal Romantic motifs and ambitions that, by the early twentieth century, had often swollen into grotesquely Wagnerian dimensions, and translate them into a language appropriate to the diminutive scale of a childs enchanted world. . Formerly we used to represent things visible on earth, he wrote in 1920, things we either liked to look at or would have liked to see. Today we reveal the reality that is behind visible things, thus expressing the belief that the visible world is merely an isolated case in relation to the universe and that there are many more other, latent realities